Table 2 Comparative analysis of CAR-T therapies in the United States and China

Year of first CAR-T approval

2017

2021

The US has a longer history in CAR-T development and played a pioneering role in the approval of these therapies.

Approved CAR-T therapies

6 products:

Kymriah, Yescarta, Tecartus, Breyanzi, Abecma, Carvykti

5 products:

Zevor-cel, CNCT19, Fucaso, Relma-cel, Yescarta

Yescarta is the only therapy approved in both countries. The US maintains leadership with more approved therapies, while China, despite starting later, has rapidly advanced with strong local innovation.

Targets

CD19, BCMA

CD19, BCMA

Both countries focus on the same key targets

Indications

MM, ALL, NHL, MCL, FL

MM, ALL, LBCL

The US covers a broader range of indications.

China has more focused applications but is gradually expanding.

Number of clinical trials

601 (ClinicalTrials.gov)^@

854 (ClinicalTrials.gov) + 247 (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry)^&

China has now surpassed the US in the number of clinical trials, indicating a rapid expansion and growing leadership in CAR T-cell therapy research.

Future prospects and challenges

1. Innovation leadership: To maintain global leadership in CAR T-cell therapies;

2. Challenge: Facing global competition, affordability, and access issues.

1. Rapid growth: Driven by strong innovation and government support;

2. Challenge: Aligning regulatory and healthcare integration with the rapid expansion.

Both China and the US are at the forefront of CAR T-cell therapy development, each facing unique challenges that will influence the future of global healthcare innovation.